China The next hegemonic power

Table of Contents Introduction China’s Strengths IR theoretical framework China’s weaknesses Methodology Reasons for Selecting the Above Methodology Reference List Introduction Global hegemony is a term mainly used to refer to a state in world affairs in which one nation exercises authority over the others because of a concentration of various powers in the former (Atasoy, 2009). The take-over of global dominance by the United States from Britain after the end of the World War I has revealed that there is one main reason as to why a country can cede supremacy over other nations. This reason is mainly overspending by the nations in power; a phenomenon sometimes known as imperial overstretch.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on China: The next hegemonic power? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States has for a while now been the single most powerful nation in the world. However, as time progresses, other contenders are gradually emerging for the same title with China leading the pack. This paper seeks to analyze the strengths that China has which could well be used to place it in a position of global politico-economic supremacy as well as point out the weaknesses that are pulling back the country in this regard. Aside from this, a brief detailing of an International Relations theoretical framework that can be used to explain China’s ascent into global supremacy shall be provided. China’s Strengths The Chinese economy has been confirmed to have grown ten-fold in the last thirty years and that in the past decade its gross domestic product per capita has doubled. Between 50 and 60 percent of the country’s GDP is taken by the nation’s manufacturing sector and one notable example of this is the steel industry (Vogelmann, 2008). Between 1995 and 2005, China’s production of steel had grown by over 290 tones; a figure which translate s to a yearly growth of 39%. Such figures genuinely show that China is well on its way to a complete industrial overhaul. However, for China to rise to the level of making a mark as far as global hegemony is concerned, the impact of its growth has to be substantially appreciated by other nations across the globe. This growth will only make an impact if it is sustainable without sparking conflict between China and other superpowers. China commands a great portion of the world marketplace meaning that it has a substantial say in most monetary issues (Vogelmann, 2008). For instance China recently declined to let its currency appreciate claiming that it wanted to keep its trade balance away from world knowledge. This clearly illustrates that China is not willing to have other nations influence the decisions it makes on financial policies. As the country grows wealthier and in a sense becoming a key player in global economics and politics, its leaders will have to find ways of fostering peaceful relations with other nations, an aspect that will force them to downplay their nationalistic sentiments (Vogelmann, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that could contribute to China upsetting the United States from global dominance is the sheer size of its military capabilities (Scobell, 2007). China is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and it therefore has unchallenged power over any issues that go through the organization’s chamber (Scobell, 2007). The country is also known to invest heavily in its military with its budget for this increasing by 15% last year. IR theoretical framework One theoretical framework of international relations that can be used to explain the concept of hegemonic power is Neorealism sometimes known as structured realism (May, Rosecrance and Steiner, 2010). This is theory was f ronted by Kenneth Waltz and it is basically an advancement to ideas engulfed in traditional realism schools of thought. This theory holds it that in order to explain how a state conducts itself, the structure of the society in which particular states operate must be taken into account. According to this framework, structure is explained in two basic descriptions. The first is anarchy which is organization of global political and economic systems in alignment with one supreme power (May, Rosecrance and Steiner, 2010). The second is the emphasis on the military supremacy of nations that command worldwide authority in classifying the powers of countries as opposed to a combination of all state strengths. This theoretical framework can definitely be used to explain China’s rise in the 21st century particularly because it holds that for a country to grow to such a position that it commands great authority in the world it must have a strong military base and even greater financial supremacy, aspects which are well present in China. China’s weaknesses The greatest issue at the moment that would make China not get to the point of global dominance that it desires is that the country is basically viewed as a security risk (Vogelmann, 2008). It is generally acceptable that as a country’s economic supremacy grows, so does its tendency to want to meddle into the affairs of other nations by trying to maintain order world wide. Chinese leaders are known to be prone to surrendering to nationalistic interests and if this submission is to occur with the country as the hegemonic leader, it could spark conflict, the size of the last world war. As a matter of fact China has a below par record when it comes to the issue of human rights and the country’s oppressive policies on the media rights have contributed to the country fairing badly in this issue (Scobell, 2007). Methodology The research will be based on secondary data collection. Data will be extra cted from various journals, articles and books. The criteria of selection for the literature will be the relevance to the research topic as well as the year of publication. Both public and private libraries as well as online libraries will be visited in order to access the data.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on China: The next hegemonic power? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research will be partly evidence based and partly founded on professional research by professionals in the field. Various articles will be studied in order to provide background information which will essentially give credibility to the final essay. The possibility of China rising to global hegemony cannot be effectively analysed without obtaining information on the various strengths and spheres of influence of the country as far as world issues are concerned. These strengths have to be compared with those of the United States which currently exercises global supremacy and Britain, from which the United States took over. This will definitely make for some interesting research and in as much most of the information will only be used for reference purposes, it will effectively came round to form the back-born of the paper. Information from the books will serve to provide explanation as regards the internal machinations of global hegemonies. This will be very crucial information that will make the research report appeal to both professionals and the general public. For the latter, it may require that some of the information obtained from the books and other publications be broken down into simple language and at the same time illustrations drawn from the past and present manifestations of single-nation global dominance. Empirical data will be collected from recent studies with numbers and figures used to show the costs and economical impact of a Chinese global hegemony and how it could effectively be used to serve as a guide for other nations that would like to rise to such levels of influence. Like with any other professional field of study, International Relations researches have to be conducted in such a way that the offer credibility to the practitioner. In such a scientific field, the strength lies in the figures and particularly the numbers obtained from real life scenarios to support collected evidence. With this knowledge in mind, effort will be made to obtain relevant information to the particular topic in question and this will be accompanied by proper citation. Reasons for Selecting the Above Methodology For any professional topic, chances are that extensive research has been carried out by professionals in the field before. Consequently, in order to establish the backbone of a given research project, it is only necessary that extensive review of literature be carried before identifying seeking first hand information from the field. The latter, i.e. information collected fro m the field is also necessary since it helps give professional credibility to the project. Combining results from both sources would serve to foster their symbiotic relationship with one offering background information and the other presenting up-to-date information on the topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Atasoy, Y. (2009). Hegemonic transitions, the state and crisis in neoliberal capitalism. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. May, E.R., Rosecrance, R. Steiner, Z. (2010). History and Neorealism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scobell, A. (2007). China’s use of military force: beyond the Great Wall and the Long  March. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vogelmann, J. (2008). The ascent of China as a new superpower and the relationship  with the hegemonic United States: Rough power politics or peaceful economic cooperation? Munich: GRIN Verlag. This research paper on China: The next hegemonic power? was written and submitted by user True Believers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Governments Taking of Private

The Governments Taking of Private Property The Constitution of the United States is based primarily on the ideas of the 17th Century English philosopher John Locke. Locke thought that everyone had natural rights, which included life, liberty, and property. Locke stated the great and chief end, therefore, of mens uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of property (Locke/ McClaughry 3). He thought that if any of these rights were violated that the violator should make restitution. The Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. When the government needs a citizens private property to build roads or buildings, they compensate the person with money roughly equal to the value of that persons land. The problem of the government taking or restricting a citizens land arises with regulation of private property. John McClaughry defines regulatory taking as a governmental confiscation or destruction of economic rights by regulation, without the physical occupation which would trigger just compensation to the owner (McClaughry 7). The case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council is an example of regulatory taking. In the case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Lucas bought two adjacent lots on the coast of the Isle of Palms in South Carolina, only to have the land restricted by the state, which prevented his intended use of the lots. Lucas argued that the states restriction of the land constituted taking without just compensation. The South Carolina Court of Common Pleas agreed with Lucas and awarded him $1,232,387.50. The Supreme Court of South Carolina disagreed with the lower court, and saying that the restrictions were designed to prevent serious public harm so no compensation was ...

Daisy miler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daisy miler - Essay Example She is only concerned in making herself the center of attention and the way she does it is by manipulating other men. It is difficult to argue on the question whether Daisy Miller is a ‘nice’ girl. Even though we get to see different sides of Daisy Miller in the story, it is still not possible to come to the definite conclusion about her character. Daisy is quite vulgar and we see examples of her immodesty when she is found late at night at coliseum with Mr. Giovanelli. However, it is not possible to judge Daisy based on such incidents since morality is a culturally conditioned response and the standards of morality are set based on the social convention of that area. Therefore, it is a fifty-fifty chance of Daisy actually being guilty of not innocent. Daisy acts on what she intends without giving any second thoughts to it. She represents the American flirt who does not obey or adhere to the rules of the European community in which she is currently in. This is the reason she frequently becomes a subject of gossip among her peers. Even after knowing about Daisy’s character, life and habits it is not possible to decide whether Daisy was innocent or not. Firstly, it is not possible to conclude whether Daisy knew all along about what people were saying behind him. She appears to be ‘too light and childish†¦ too uncultivated and unreasoning’. Perhaps, it is because of this attitude that she fails to notice what others thought. However, equally plausible may be that ‘she carried about in her elegant and irresponsible little organism a defiant, passionate, perfectly observant consciousness of the impression she produced.’ Therefore, it is simply inconclusive and impossible to decide whether Daisy Mil ler is too innocent to notice what others think about her character or whether she is so care-free and happy-go-lucky sort of person that she does not care one bit about what others

A Case Study of Green Computing and Environmental Impact in A Kurdish Essay

A Case Study of Green Computing and Environmental Impact in A Kurdish University (Salahaddin University Erbil) - Essay Example The use of green computing in the Salahaddin University Erbil entails embarking on various computer practices that encourage reduced consumption of electricity. According to Hu and Kaabouch (2012, p. 78), green computing brings about significant savings on the environmental wastes from technological machines and equipment, as well as contribute greatly to the conservation of the environment. This is a critical mechanism that is useful in this research as reduced consumption of electricity at the institution directly lessens the burden on the environmental resources that are used to generate the amount of power used at Salahaddin University Erbil. According to Gangadharan and Murugwsan (2012, p. 34), the use of green computing has a close relationship with the university’s environment, which should dictate the practices of green computing at the institution. Initiatives that encourage green computing at this university are important to the institution in the aspect that there w ill be reduced charges of electricity consumed. This is also essential to the research community in understanding reliable ways that could be used to cut down the cost of electricity consumed at Salahaddin University Erbil. This is also crucial in understanding the specific impacts that the use of green computing at the institution will have on its immediate and distant environments. Practices of green computing at Salahaddin University Erbil benefit this research in determining how the reduced use of electricity will affect the overall environment at the institution. It is significant in understanding the various attributes and effectiveness of green computing as an ideal practice that conserves the environment. Green computing is, therefore, the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. As such, technologies already making

OPM 300 MOD 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPM 300 MOD 1 SLP - Essay Example Mc Donald’s is able to maintain its global power in due in great part to its ability to constantly modify and adapt its operations processes to the demands of its customers and of the social environment as well. One particular operations process that is constantly modified by Mc Donald’s to keep pace with increased competition and smarter, more demanding and less brand-loyal customers is the way it makes some of the items on its menu. One particular example was when Mc Donald’s considered switching to a hamburger bun that does not require toasting. Trial tests have shown that customers preferred the taste and texture of the untoasted hamburger bun (Gibson, 1995). More importantly, leaving the buns untoasted would translate into considerable cost savings resulting from reduced preparation time and the elimination of commercial toasting equipment. Considering that Mc Donald’s serves billions of buns for its hamburgers, chicken and fish sandwiches, this modif ication in one of their operations processes would rake in millions of dollars in savings for Mc Donald’s as well. This illustrates two very important aspects of operations which are customer satisfaction and competitiveness (Meredith & Shafer, 2007).

Health Related Quality of Life Relationship with Family

Health Related Quality of Life Relationship with Family Association of Health – Related Quality of Life to Family Dynamics and Social Support among Pediatric Patients with Leukemia in Tertiary Hospitals in Northern Philippines Jonas P. Cruz Abstract Background of the Study: Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer affecting children around the world but majority of the cases are idiopathic in nature. Generally, patients with Leukemia experience poorer health related quality of life compared to the general population. Though a wide interest in studying the health related quality of life of these types of patients where on the lime light in the recent years, none of these works focused on examining the relationship of the HRQoL to the family dynamics and social support of the patients. This study aims to examine the association of Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) to the family dynamics and social support among pediatric patients diagnosed with Leukemia. Design: This research is a cross – sectional, correlation study. Method: A questionnaire with four parts will be used to gather data on demographic data of the patients and their family, their family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life. Data will be collected from pediatric patients aged 5 to 18 years with Leukemia, their parents and siblings. Data will be treated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. Background of the Study Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer affecting children around the world but majority of the cases are idiopathic in nature.1 In the United States, Leukemia is one of the most diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of deaths among children in 2011 with the highest incidence rate (8.8 per 100,000) in children aged 1 to 4 years and highest death rate (0.8 per 100,000) among children aged 15 to 19 years.2 Similarly, children with Leukemia is considerably the fastest – growing types of patients in hospitals in the Philippines. It account for about 40 to 60 percent of cancers in children and topped the list of killer diseases more than the combined number of deaths caused by dengue hemorrhagic, blood infection and prematurity.3 In the recent report from the Department of Health of the Philippines, Leukemia is among the ten leading causes of child mortality with 2.7, 2.4 and 1.8 per 100,000 population for children aged 1 to 4 years old, 5 to 9 years old and 10 to 14 years o ld, respectively. This is an alarming shift since in the past years; Leukemia was not part of the list.4 In a recent study, childhood leukemia relative survival in the Philippines was found to be lower (32.9 %) compared to Asian Americans (80.1 %) and Caucasians (81.9 %). Furthermore, attainment of equal survival rates of children in the Philippines lagged behind by 20 to >30 years compared with children with Leukemia in the United States.5 This existing difference can be attributed with deficiency in pediatric cancer care, inaccessibility or unavailability of the needed diagnostic and treatment modalities, financial constraints and unawareness.5-9 In a worldwide perspective, therapy has noticeably enhanced over the past decades and the overall rate of survival among children with Leukemia has also increased.10-12 While the prognosis of leukemia in children has improved dramatically, so as the rise of clinical interest in understanding the health related quality of life among childhood Leukemia patients.13 Various studies were conducted to determine the health related quality of life of these patients and their differences between those patients undergoing maintenance chemotherapy with those not on treatment, identify the factors that affects their HRQoL,14-16 HRQoL of childhood leukemia survivors,17-19 difference between patient, parent proxy reported and clinician reported HRQoL,20,21 and HRQoL of parents taking care of these patients22. A study has reported that the social, physical and emotional health and well-being of childhood Leukemia patients are significantly lower compared to their community peers.21 Furthermore, the se patients experienced declining deficits in HRQoL during active treatment phases which is the same as losing approximately 2 months perfect health life.23 Treatment like maintenance chemotherapy had shown effect on the quality of life of children with Leukemia. Patients receiving this kind of therapy reported lower HRQoL in all domains than those who are not on treatment. Psychosocial health was reported to be most affected. Likewise, parents taking care of children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy reported significantly lower quality of life as compared to parents of patients who are not undergoing the same therapy.14 Similarly, survivors of Leukemia have shown poor HRQoL17 however, relapsed survivors reported lower general health compared to non-relapsed survivors24. Factors affecting the quality of life were also identified and reported by some research studies. These factors that can affect the HRQoL of pediatric patients with Leukemia includes the type of cancer treatment they are undergoing such as chemotherapy and the use of Dexamethasone which was reported to cause lower HRQoL.14,25-27 Impaired overall sleep were also reported to be associated with lower HRQoL among these patients. More problems were found as associated with sleep anxiety, delay on sleep onset, feeling of sleepiness during day time and night wakenings.27-29 Childrens pain and fatigue over three days following a chemotherapy also influence the quality of life not only of the patients but also their family.30 Cancer itself is an important factor affecting the HRQoL and the stage of disease showed a considerable importance on HRQoL scores.31 Moreover, clinically significance associations to HRQoL were observed with anxiety, depression and obesity.32 Another study also reported duration of hospital admission, increased frequency of hospital visits, female patients, younger age of diagnosing the disease, and the size of the family were all associated to a lower over HRQoL scores of these patients.33 Though a wide interest in studying the health related quality of life of these types of patients where on the lime light in the recent years, none of these works focused on examining the relationship of the HRQoL to the family dynamics and social support of the patients. Some of the past research studies have focused on the impact of taking care of a child with Leukemia to the quality of life of the caregiver and their family as well as the burden of care for these patients.34-38 However, family dynamics and social support and its association to HRQoL was never attempted. Family dynamics are the interaction between members of the family as well as the different relationships that is present within a family. Every family has its own unique dynamic, which is apparent in its own unique way.39 The whole family dynamics can be understand by measuring the family functioning, family environment and family quality of life.40 Family dynamics maybe affected by the existence of the disease of the children and may be altered. How family members see the family when attending to commitment such as taking care of the patient refers to family functioning. This permits identifying individual perceptions of family values as a psychosocial or social support resource. The way each family member perceives the efficacy and quality of this resource can significantly influence the health status of its member.41 Although positive relationship among family members and social support can decrease risks of mortality and enhance total health, studies have reported that some famil ial relations negatively affect health. Negative effect on health can be caused by problematic and non-supportive familial relationships. Poor-quality relationships can harm physical and mental health.42 Further, couples with unequal division of decision making and power are related with higher levels of depression.43 Living and being reared in an unsupported, neglectful or violent environment is also related with poor physical health and development.42 On the other hand, good family relationships are significant predictor for a better HRQoL as shown in a study on pediatric burn survivors.44 Likewise, fewer arguments within the family were associated to higher quality of life among diabetes patients.45,46 Studies have also reported relationship between social support and HRQoL. Higher levels of social support were shown to be associated to lower risk for physical dysfunctions, mental problems, and mortality.47 Social support can reverse the unwanted effects of stressful situations and chronic health conditions.48 Various studies have established the fact that social support can affect the HRQoL patients with acute or chronic conditions in general.47-51 However, studies on its association to HRQoL among children and adolescent patients with Leukemia are scanty to non-existing. Therefore, family dynamics and social support are hypothesized in this current study to be a predictor of HRQoL of pediatric patients with Leukemia. It is then the aim of this study to understand the pediatric Leukemia patients’ family dynamics and social support and their health related quality of life and examine their relationship with each other. Objectives of the Study This study aims to examine the association of Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) to the family dynamics and social support among pediatric patients diagnosed with Leukemia. Specifically, it seeks to: Assess the family dynamics of the pediatric patients with Leukemia using the Family APGAR; Identify the perceived social support of the pediatric patients with leukemia in terms of: Family support, Friend support Significant other support; Determine the self – reported and parent – proxy reported Health – Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among pediatric patients with Leukemia in terms of: Physical Functioning, Emotional Functioning, Social Functioning, School Functioning; Examine the difference between the self – reported and parent – proxy reported HRQoL among pediatric patients with Leukemia; Examine the relationship between the family dynamics and social support to the HRQoL among pediatric patients with Leukemia. Design This research is a cross – sectional, correlation study. Participants This current study will include three groups of respondents: the children and adolescent patients diagnosed with Leukemia of any type admitted in the tertiary hospitals in the City of San Fernando in La Union, Philippines, their parents and their siblings. There are three tertiary hospitals in the area namely Lorma Medical Center, Bethany Hospital Inc., and Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center. Patients aged 5 to 18 years old, male and female, undergoing maintenance phase of treatment, conscious, and responsive will be considered as participants of the study. Parent that provides care to the patient will be asked to report for the parent – proxy reported HRQoL of the patient while both parents will be asked to respond for the family dynamics. Siblings of the patient will be included as respondents for the family dynamics. Purposive sampling technique will be utilized in the study. Patients who will meet the inclusion criteria will be eligible for the study. Data Collection Data will be collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire is a collection of adopted scales from earlier studies which will measure the family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life of the Leukemia patients. The questionnaire will have four parts. Part one will elicit data on the demographics of the patient and family. The profile of the patient will include the gender of the patient, age, diagnosis, date of diagnosis, type of treatment, length of stay in the hospital. On the other hand, the profile of the family will include the number of family members, position of the patient in the family, religion, family income, occupation of each family member, type of residence (rural, urban or sub-urban) and type of housing. The profile of the patients will be answered either by the patient or the parent while the profile of the family will be answered by the parents. Part two will gather data on the family dynamics. Family dynamics will be measured using the Family APGAR. Family APGAR stands for Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve. It is a measure that will assess the perception of the family members to family functioning through examining their satisfaction with the existing relationship. It is a 5 – items scale which was designed to be responded using a 3 – point scale from 0 as hardly ever to 2 as almost always. The highest score for this measure is 10 and higher scores signify more satisfaction with family functioning. Score lower than 6 will be considered as dysfunction in the family while scores of 6 and above will be considered as normal family function. Previous studies have established a good validity and reliability of the measure with Cronbachs alpha ranging from 0.80 to 0.85.52-54 The parents, patient and the patients siblings will be asked to answer the scale to have a better picture of the family d ynamics. Part three will collect data about the perceived social support of the patients. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) will be adopted. This is a tool designed to measure the three sources of support namely family, friend and significant other. It is composed of 12 items that can be answered using a 7 – point scale from Very Strongly Disagree to Very Strongly Agree. There will be four scores that will be derived from the scale: Family Subscale Score, Friend Subscale Score, Significant Other Subscale Score, and Total Scale Score. Scores will be obtained by summing the individual scores in each scale then divide it with the number of items. Good internal reliability across subject groups and strong factorial validity were reported for the MSPSS by earlier studies.55-57 This will be answered by the patient. Part four will be the PedsQLTM Measurement Model. It consists of 23-item designed to measure the core dimensions of health as delineated by the WHO and the role (school) functioning. It has a 5 – point scale from never to almost always. It has four dimensions which are physical, emotional, social and school functioning. Scores for each scale as well as the total scale score will be obtained. Internal consistency reliability and validity of the scale was reported to be acceptable.58-60 The patient – reported and parent – proxy reported will be considered for the study. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents and they will be asked to answer honestly. Enough time will be provided for the respondents. The questionnaire will be available both in English and Filipino versions. It will be translated using the forward backward method. The translated version will be subjected to reliability and validity test to ensure the accuracy of data to be collected. Ethical Consideration Ethical clearance will be sought from each ethical committee of the three hospitals. An informed consent will be asked to be signed by the parents of each patient who will signify the permission to be included in the study. The researcher will explain properly the purpose, nature, significance of the study and the expected participation of the respondents to the study. Confidentiality will be assured to each respondent. Data Analysis Data will be treated using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. Frequency count will be used for the profile of the respondents. Mean will be used to analyze the family dynamics, social support and health related quality of life. Pearson r correlation will be utilized to examine the relationship between family dynamics and social support to health related quality of life.

William Blake; The schoolboy Essay -- English Literature

William Blake; The schoolboy William Blake believed in freedom of speech, democracy and ‘free love’, for these reasons he disagreed strongly with formal education and conventional teaching in both schools and churches. He believed that this constrained people stopping them from having their own thoughts. Blake believed that children who were not given a formal education would want to learn off their own accord making learning more fun and enjoyable for the child. Blake portrays these opinions in the poem ‘The schoolboy’; which he chose to write in the voice of ‘the schoolboy’ himself, to stand up for children who’s views on schooling are rarely acknowledged. Blake’s decision to use a definite article in the title; ‘The schoolboy’ shows that the poem is a biographical piece about a specific schoolboy, and allows Blake to voice his own opinions as if they were that of a school child provoking more sympathy from the reader than would simply expressing his own views, therefore making his opinions on formal education more persuasive. The poem uses strong themes of nature throughout; the first verse describes a sense of harmony between the schoolboy and nature through a positive description of the sounds of the birds which the schoolboy awakes to hear. Pathetic fallacy is used relating the ‘summer’ morn to the schoolboy’s joy for being awoken in this way. The second verse starts with the conjunction ‘but’ to link the two verses, yet show the contrast in mood between them. This negative verse outlines the child’s dread of school and brings the reader back to reality after the dream-like feel to the first stanza. The line ‘under a cruel eye outworn’ suggests that the children are exhausted by school, personif... ...is used throughout the poem referring to the stages of a person’s life as the seasons in the year, the last stanza uses this metaphor to insinuate that a persons childhood is the most important time because if they don’t learn how to have fun in the spring of their life they will not know how to enjoy themselves in the summer of life. This makes the last line of the poem particularly effective ‘when the blasts of winter appear’ as people rarely think about how the way they live their childhood will effect their later lives, this rhetorical question makes the reader contemplate whether a formal education in an early life is worth facing the regrets it will cause them to live with in later life looking back upon few happy memories. And maybe learning the joys of life and how to live to the fullest is the most important lesson to be learned within childhood.

Critical Thinking and Reasons Essay

Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Secon d, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons. Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Secon d, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons. Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Secon d, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons. Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Secon d, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.Notice what the details in this paragraph have done. They have provided you, the reader, with a basis for understanding what the writer made the decision she did. Through specific evidence, the writer has explained and communicated her point successfully. The evidence that supports the point in a paragraph often consists of a series of reasons introduced by signal words (First of all, Second, and the like) and followed by examples and details that support the reasons. That is true of the sample paragraph above: three reasons are provided, followed by examples and details that back up those reasons.

Living in city

Body paragraph: Topic sentence: There are many advantages and benefits for people who live In scales Example reasons: plenty of universities and job opportunities -The life is more exciting -The medical services are better Cotter-argument: City life is so competitive, so people have to face up to many difficulties and easier to get stress and some mental diseases. Refutation: Facing up to difficulties, people will work harder and become mature. Conclusion: City life is more exciting and beneficial for anybody who want to experience interesting trials.Nowadays, more and more people from country trend to move to cities for studying and working. Comparing to countries, there are more Job opportunities and entertainment centers for people In cities. Living In cities Is better than living In countries In several ways. There are many advantages and benefits for people who live in cities. Cities are the best place for young people studying and finding jobs. Ho Chi Mini city has 60 universit ies where teachers are more professional and studying facilities, equipments are modern and sufficient.After graduating from these universities, students can find Job easier because of plenty of Job opportunities from foreign and domestic companies. Therefore cities are the best place for people who want to make more money. The life In clues will be more excellent because of good entertainment, shopping centers and delicious restaurants. If you live in small town, you will feel so bored at weekend because no where you can go and no interesting activities you can Join. But living In cities is different. After the hard-working week, you can go out with your friends or family to eat dinner, go shopping or watch movie t movie theater.You will feel so Interesting and exciting with the entertainment centers In Ho Chi Mini city Like bar, disco, galaxy cinemas, megastar cinemas and Vinson, Now zone, Ben Than market†¦ Besides, you can find any kinds of restaurants that you enjoy like Ja panese, Chinese, American,†¦ The medical services in cities are better than those in small town. There are plenty of big hospital with professional doctors and several modern medical equipments, so they can give the best medical services to take care of human health.Besides above advantages of city life, some people say City life is so competitive, so people have to face up to many difficulties and easier to get stress and some mental diseases. This statement is not completely right. English has one proverb is â€Å"no pain, no gain†. Human have to deal with difficulties, so they can become mature and try their best. If not, they are only work slowly and no desire to get promote. They Just do the same thing in their whole life without changes, so day by day they are becoming outdated. In short, City life is more exciting and beneficial for anybody who want to experience interesting trials.

Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Essays

Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Essays Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Paper Tonicity on cell membrane lab report Paper Unknown solution C showed no change to the RUB shape, it was suggested that unknown solution C was isotonic. To confirm the tonality of unknown solutions A, B and C, a potato strip was placed in 3 separate tubes containing each unknown solution. After each potato strip soaked for twenty minutes it was proven; unknown solution A was hypersonic due to the flaccidity of the potato strip. Unknown solution B proved to be hypotonic because the potato felt extremely rigid. Lastly, the potato strip soaking in unknown solution C was flexible which proved to be isotonic. From those results each unknown solution was established and allowing the determination of tonality for unknown solutions A, B and C. Introduction The cell membrane was discovered by Swiss botanist Carl Engaged and C. Cramer in 1855. 2 The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane is a phosphoric bilateral. Each phosphoric molecule contains a polar head, composed of a phosphate group and glycerol that is hydrophilic (water-loving) and soluble in water, as well as a monopole tail, composed of fatty acids that is hydrophobic (water-fearing) and insoluble in water. The polar heads are on he two surfaces of the lipid bilateral facing the extracurricular and intracellular environment, while the monopole tails are in the interior of the bilateral away from the water. Because the fatty acid tails cling together, phosphoric in the presence of water form a self-sealing bilateral. The most important function of the plasma membrane is to serve as a selective barrier for materials enterin g and exiting the cell. Plasma membranes have selective permeability. Gases pass through easily, water passes through via transport channels known as aspirins, ions penetrate the membrane very slowly, and larger molecules such as protein) cannot penetrate the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins. Materials move across plasma membranes in two ways: passive and active transport. In passive transport, substances move across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient) without the use of energy. In active transport the cell must use energy to push substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (against the concentration gradient). Passive transport includes osmosis, which was discovered by French botanist, Henry Trochee in 1826. 4 Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with high concentration of solvent molecules (low concentration of solute molecules) to an area of low concentration of solvent molecules (high concentration of solute molecules). Osmosis attempts to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides. Tonality is the amount of solute in a solution. A Solute is any dissolved substance in a solution. An isotonic solutions concentration of solutes is equal to inside the cell. The solvent leaves and enters the cell at the same rate, therefore there is no et change; the cells contents are in equilibrium with the solution outside the cell wall. A hypotonic solution outside the ce ll has a concentration of solutes that is lower than inside the cell. This tonality causes the solvent to rush into the cell, forcing the cell to swell and sometimes burst (osmotic lysine). A hypersonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, causing the solvent to leave the cell. Cells placed in a hypersonic solution will shrink as the solvent leaves the cells. Plant cells react differently to osmosis than animal cells. When an animal cell is placed in a hypersonic solution, water will leave the cell causing it to shrink, this is known as creation. When a plant cell is placed in a hypersonic solution the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall, making the plant flaccid, this is known as polynomials. When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will rush in to the cell, causing it to swell and sometimes burst. A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will also swell due to water rushing in, but will resist rupturing due to the rigid cell wall. Plant cells come more rigid in a hypotonic solution. In this activity we will be observing the effects of potato slices and red blood cells being placed in varying molar levels of Niacin. Methods The materials used for the first part of the experiment comprised of the following: a microscope, 4 slides, 4 slide covers, blood samples, lancet, a sheet of paper towel, 3 test tube droppers, Solutions A, Solutions B, and Solution C. Blood samples from a volunteer within the group were used to conduct the experiment. The volunteers hands were thoroughly washed and an alcohol swab was applied to further sanitize the hands. To gather the blood samples needed, a lancet was properly placed on the forefinger and a firm pressure was applied, which activated the needle inside to spring forward and pierce through the skin. The pierced through finger was massaged to ensure sufficient amount of blood was extracted. A drop of blood was placed in each of the slides. Immediately after, 1 drop of Solution A was added to Slide 2, 1 drop of Solution B was added to Slide 3, and 1 drop of Solution C was added to Slide 4. Slide 1 served as the control, therefore, no solution drops were added to Slide 1. All 4 slides were lined up on paper towel with its corresponding labels: Control, Solution A, Solution B, and Solution C. Once all slides were prepared, the microscope was adjusted appropriately. The slide labeled Control was placed under the microscope at the lowest magnification. The microscope was further calibrated and adjusted accordingly to the higher magnification to view best results under the microscope. The team reviewed the tonality and size of the cells under the microscope and observations were noted. The next 3 slides were viewed under the microscope in the same manner as the control slide. Each slide as examined, evaluated, and analyzed by the individual team members. Observations and conclusions were drawn for each slide and solution. The following materials were prepared for the second part of the experiment: four pieces of potato sliced in identical proportions, Solution A, Solution B, and Solution C in its respective containers with corresponding labels. One potato was placed on a clean piece of paper towel and was labeled the control. The three remaining slices of potato were each placed in a Solutions container and submerged for twenty minutes. After twenty minutes, potatoes were taken UT of the solutions and placed on the paper towel. Each potato was evaluated and analyzed by the individual team members. Observations were noted and conclusions were drawn for each potato and solution. Results Image l. A drop of blood is smeared onto a glass slide, without any added solution, and then examined under a microscope. This is the Control slide, which will facilitate comparison and contrast of red blood cells in different unknown solutions. Image II. A drop of blood is smeared onto a glass slide with an Unknown Solution A and examined under the microscope. Compared to the Control, shrinkage of red blood cells is evident, which suggests creation. Image Ill. Solution B is added to a drop of blood on a glass slide, which is then evaluated under a microscope. In comparison to the Control slide, the red blood cells are swollen. Image IV. This image is displaying a drop of blood that is mixed with Unknown Solution C. Upon observation, the red blood cells maintained the same shape as our control sample. The solution equally moved in and out of each cell. Discussion Cells placed in solution A, displayed signs of creation, indicating the solution was hypersonic. The cells that were placed in solution B showed signs that they were swelling and that hemolytic taking place as well as, indicating the solution was hypotonic. Lastly, cells were placed in solution C, which maintained constant volume and pressure, identical to our control indicating the solution was isotonic. The findings were consistent with the principle behind tonality. Hypersonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell; therefore, the cell displays water flowing out to maintain equilibrium, thus resulting in creation. On the other hand, in hypotonic solution, the extracurricular space has a lower incineration of solutes, thus enabling water to flow in, which results in cell swelling and possibly hemolytic. In a hypotonic environment, where the water moves into the cell by osmosis and causes its volume to increase to the point where the volume exceeds the membranes capacity and the cell bursts. In isotonic solution, the solute concentrations are in equilibrium so there is equal movement of water in or out of the cell. Tonality is the relative concentration of solutions that determine the direction and extent of diffusion. Cells have a certain malarial and when they are placed in a solution of different malarial, a incineration gradient forms and that creates osmotic pressure on the cells membrane. In order to maintain equilibr ium between the cell and the solution, passive transport occurs. As mentioned above, there are three levels of tonality: isotonic, hypotonic and hypersonic. We also observed strips of potatoes in the same solutions A, B and C. When the potato was placed in hypersonic solution, the cells shrunk, allowing more room to bend without breaking. In an isotonic solution, there was equal movement of water so the potato remained at the same rigidity. In a hypotonic solution, the cells became swollen and closer gather, making the potato more rigid. Conclusion Initially, this experiment was to determine the effects of tonality (Hypersonic; cells shrink, Hypotonic; cells swell, Isotonic; cells remain the same) on a cell B, C). The data collected during this experiment supported the determination of the effects of tonality, the relative concentration of solutions that determine the direction and extent of diffusion. After the initial prick of the finger a drop of blood was placed on each slide. For slides A, B and C there was one drop of the each unknown solution then the cover was placed over the blood. Immediately, there after the slide was placed under a microscope for a real naked eye view of the red blood cells. There were 4 slides in total including the control slide. What was not expected to occur was for the controlled slide to have had too much blood dropped which resulted in the cells not separating at all. It was determined that a second control slide was needed. The three slides with the unknown solution were inspected under the microscope as well. During this time it was noted whether each unknown solution mixed with the blood sample was Hypersonic, Hypotonic or Isotonic. After, completing this experiment the next step was to do the same with the potato strips. The potatoes were placed in each unknown solution for twenty minutes. It was also noted that each of the potatoes in the unknown solutions had the same reaction as the red blood cells. The potato in unknown solution A was hypersonic due to the flaccidity of the potato strip. The cells within the potato shrunk. Unknown solution B proved to be hypotonic because the potato felt extremely rigid. The cells became swollen. Unknown solution C proved to be isotonic. The potato was flexible and not too rigid or flaccid. The potato placed in solution C was the most similar to the control potato, which was not placed in any fluid.

Review and synopsis of film The Terminator Essay

Review and synopsis of film The Terminator - Essay Example Simultaneously, John Connor sends his father Kyle Reese in past to protect Sarah. As soon as these two creatures land into past to get Sarah, an unending chase begins. Amidst tensions, fears and blood shed, love blooms between Sarah and Kyle which is how John is conceived. There is heart pounding action while Kyle and Sarah keep running from the Terminator. Confrontation takes place at the end where Kyle Reese gets killed. Sarah manages to destroy the Terminator and braces herself for her important role in future of mankind. 'The Terminator' is one of the best futuristic science fiction films that have been created with a relatively small budget. The action sequences, high pace and constant fear of what next, do not let the audience shift their attention even for a second. The electronic and mechanical sound track adds to the feel of menace being created by the Terminator. 'The Terminator' is an amazing mix of present, future, science fiction with loads of action and a little bit of romance. It also presents human beings, machines, human robots, their strengths and weaknesses quite well. The humans are helpless against the powerful machines, they have created. Yet they fight till the end. From beginning till end, it is a desperate struggle to survive. The Terminator looks like a human but is an indestructible machine who follows its mission blindly, come what may.

Intercultural Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intercultural Business Communication - Essay Example Culture can be defined as the combined programming of the mind that differentiates the member of one category of people from the other. This is always a collective phenomenon; however it can be related to different collectives. A variety of individuals belong within each collective. Considering the fact that we live in a global age where technology has brought each and every person much closer to each other than they were earlier, it has been witnessed that people belonging to different cultures are working together and henceforth are having frequent communications. This fact is of obvious interest but however, it can be frustrating at times when the thought comes to one’s mind regarding how one is supposed to relate to someone who belongs to a different culture. In what way must one start a conversion and are there any cultural taboos that one needs to know about? These are the questions that comes in one’s mind when the individual things about working or living with a nother individual of a different culture. Even after such barrier oriented questions people of different cultures are working, living and communicating with each other effectively and efficiently. Such is the diversity in culture that prevails all over the world. This shows the depth in the cultural dimensions that is witnessed all around the world. Establishing network with people all around the world is just one dimension of the cultural diversity. For the purpose of doing the same, one needs to understand the cultural differences. Psychologist Dr. Geert Hofstede came up with a theory that explained different dimensions of cultural diversity and the theories have become a standard that is recognized internationally (Hofstede, 2011). The following sections will involve a thorough analysis of the cultural-dimensional approach with reference to Hofstede’s research that will include arguments in favour of the validity and reliability of his research. Thereafter, the arguments a gainst the cultural-dimensional approach will be highlighted with reference to the notion of cultural heterogeneity and finally the researcher’s own perception regarding appropriate methodology for intercultural business communication research will be provided followed by an appropriate conclusion. 2. PART A 2.1. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Approach A discussion on cultural dimension approach must begin with a definition of culture. The quantity of the definition of culture expounded by the scholars are simply too numerous to count and each one is having specific relevance towards understanding the various dimensions of culture. Alvesson (2000) has enlightened about 128 definitions about culture. Hofstede himself has even provided a definition of culture that reflects culture to be a crucial factor that distinguishes one group with other. He defines culture to be â€Å"the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of peop le from others†. Much attention has been placed on role of culture in shaping a business in the last few decades and it has never been that much significant as it stands today. Study on this field begun with Hofstede’s famous work on IBM in the early 80s (Arditi and Mochtar, 2000). Culture is adjudged as essential for numerous reasons related to business life. The significance becomes more visible when a business firms starts interacting with people in either forms such as employees, customers, suppliers or any other stakeholder group. Research studies related to cross culture has had most of the values and as a result of that it has succeeded to provide substances to the modern management techniques and practices. Some of the eminent cross cultural researchers such as Geert Hofstede, have to face criticism for failing to provide the valued guiding intelligence. Eminent authors such as Avolio (2007) and Barrett (1993) argues that the